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Prior to her retirement, O'Hartigan was involved in a number of trans civil rights and nondiscrimination campaigns in Oregon, Washington, and Minnesota, including successfully suing the state of Minnesota to cover the costs of sex reassignment surgery for low-income trans people, challenging transphobic policies at Seattle-area gay and lesbian organizations, and heavily influencing Portland's trans nondiscrimination legislation. In addition to her trans activism work, O'Hartigan published many articles in a variety of mainstream, gay and lesbian, trans, and feminist publications over the decades, worked as a typesetter at a number of publications, and founded and ran the Filisa Vistima Foundation, a Pacific Northwest transsexual advocacy and resource-linking organization. In this oral history with Myra Billund-Phibbs, O'Hartigan discusses her upbringing in rural Minnesota and early adult life as a transsexual in Minneapolis' gay scene, her experiences with Donald Hastings, the University of Minnesota's sex reassignment surgery program, her lawsuit against the state, and lobbying the State Senate on funding for surgeries, her move to the Northwest and various transsexual rights campaigns in Washington and Oregon, specifically her suit against the Washington State Patrol related to their pre-employment polygraph policy, her cases against Seattle-area gay and lesbian organizations, her work on the Portland nondiscrimination legislation, her work with the Filisa Vistima Foundation, and her thoughts on Filisa Vistima's work, life, and events surrounding her death. Additionally, she discusses her thoughts at length on contemporary trans politics, athletics, and movements, the use of trans issues as a right-wing political wedge issue, and the future for trans people."],"mime_type_tesim":["image/jpeg"],"resource_type_tesim":["Text"],"creator_tesim":["O'Hartigan, Margaret Deirdre"],"creator_ssim":["O'Hartigan, Margaret Deirdre"],"contributor_tesim":["Billund-Phibbs, Myra"],"contributor_ssim":["Billund-Phibbs, Myra"],"rights_tesim":["Copyright undetermined"],"publisher_tesim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis Libraries"],"publisher_ssim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis 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2022"],"is_shown_at_tesim":["https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll97:256"],"is_shown_at_ssim":["https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll97:256"],"hosted_elsewhere_ssi":"1","language_label_ssim":["English"],"subject_geojson_facet_ssim":["{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[\"-122.67621\",\"45.52345\"]},\"properties\":{\"placename\":\"Portland\"}}","{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[\"-122.33207\",\"47.60621\"]},\"properties\":{\"placename\":\"Seattle\"}}","{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[\"-94.25055\",\"46.25024\"]},\"properties\":{\"placename\":\"Minnesota\"}}"],"subject_coordinates_geospatial":["45.52345,-122.67621","47.60621,-122.33207","46.25024,-94.25055"],"subject_geographic_hier_ssim":["Oregon||Multnomah County||Portland","Washington||King County||City of Seattle||Seattle","Minnesota"],"subject_geographic_ssim":["Portland","Oregon","Multnomah County","United 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Project"],"dta_homosaurus_subject_ssim":["Children","Clothing","Coming out","Family members","Friendships","Gender identity","Gender realignment surgery","Grandchildren","LGBTQ+ communities","LGBTQ+ relationships","Marriage","Military","MtFs","Psychotherapy","Sexuality","Sports","Transgender people","Transitioning (Gender)","White LGBTQ+ people"],"dta_homosaurus_v1_subject_ssim":["Gender realignment surgery","Military","Psychotherapy","Sports"],"dta_lcsh_subject_ssim":["Air pilots","Family relationships","Gender identity--Law and legislation","Health","Medical care","Retirees","Work"],"date_created_search_tesim":["Sep September 23, 2015"],"date_created_display_ssim":["Sep. 23, 2015"],"dta_dates_ssim":["2015"],"dta_sortable_date_dtsi":"2015-09-23T00:00:00Z","ident_tesi":"3n203z262","identifier_ssim":["3n203z262"],"collection_name_ssim":["Audio and Video Clips and Transcripts"],"institution_name_ssim":["Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection, University of 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At the time of this interview, Somers was retired. In this oral history, Somers speaks at length about living two lives at once, Christine Jorgensen, Caitlyn Jenner, and her family relationships. She also touches upon encounters with healthcare, Ray Blanchard's theory of autogynephilia, donating materials to the Tretter Collection, and being a pilot."],"mime_type_tesim":["image/jpeg"],"resource_type_tesim":["Moving image","Text"],"creator_tesim":["Somers, Marlene"],"creator_ssim":["Somers, Marlene"],"contributor_tesim":["Jenkins, Andrea"],"contributor_ssim":["Jenkins, Andrea"],"rights_tesim":["In copyright"],"publisher_tesim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis Libraries"],"publisher_ssim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis Libraries"],"language_tesim":["http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/eng"],"based_near_tesim":["http://www.geonames.org/5037649","http://www.geonames.org/11887750"],"based_near_ssim":["http://www.geonames.org/5037649","http://www.geonames.org/11887750"],"isPartOf_ssim":["5q47rn87k"],"isMemberOf_ssim":["vq27zn49p"],"genre_tesim":["Oral Histories","Transcriptions"],"genre_ssim":["Oral Histories","Transcriptions"],"flagged_tesim":["No explicit 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Autogynephilia","Christine Jorgensen","Caitlyn Jenner","Clark institute","Tretter Transgender Oral History Project"],"dta_other_subject_tesim":["Caitlyn Jenner","Christine Jorgensen","Clark institute","Tretter Collection Autogynephilia","Tretter Transgender Oral History Project"],"homosaurus_subject_tesim":["http://homosaurus.org/terms/genderRealignmentSurgery","http://homosaurus.org/terms/military","http://homosaurus.org/terms/psychotherapy","http://homosaurus.org/terms/sports"],"homosaurus_subject_ssim":["http://homosaurus.org/terms/genderRealignmentSurgery","http://homosaurus.org/terms/military","http://homosaurus.org/terms/psychotherapy","http://homosaurus.org/terms/sports"],"dta_subject_primary_searchable_tesim":["Air pilots","Children","Clothing","Coming out","Family members","Family relationships","Friendships","Gender identity","Gender identity--Law and legislation","Gender realignment surgery","Grandchildren","Health","LGBTQ+ communities","LGBTQ+ 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services","Personal health services","People, Retired","Retired people","Retired persons","Personal health","Wellness"],"date_start_dtsi":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","date_end_dtsi":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","date_created_search_ssim":["Sep September 23, 2015"],"is_shown_at_tesim":["https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll97:114?facets%5Bcollection_name_s%5D%5B%5D=Transgender+Oral+History+Project\u0026q=Interview+with+Andrea+Anderson"],"is_shown_at_ssim":["https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll97:114?facets%5Bcollection_name_s%5D%5B%5D=Transgender+Oral+History+Project\u0026q=Interview+with+Andrea+Anderson"],"hosted_elsewhere_ssi":"1","language_label_ssim":["English"],"subject_geojson_facet_ssim":["{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[\"-93.26384\",\"44.97997\"]},\"properties\":{\"placename\":\"Minneapolis\"}}","{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[\"-93.93863\",\"42.65982\"]},\"properties\":{\"placename\":\"Midwest\"}}"],"subject_coordinates_geospatial":["44.97997,-93.26384","42.65982,-93.93863"],"subject_geographic_hier_ssim":["Minnesota||Hennepin County||City of Minneapolis||Minneapolis","Midwest"],"subject_geographic_ssim":["Minneapolis","Minnesota","Hennepin County","City of Minneapolis","United States","Midwest"],"subject_geographic_tesim":["Minneapolis","Minnesota","Hennepin County","City of Minneapolis","United States","Midwest"],"has_thumbnail_ssi":"true","blacklight_display_ssi":"generic_file","has_file_content_ssi":"true","related_url_tesim":["https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/"],"_version_":1860198602301767680,"timestamp":"2026-03-20T16:20:30.430Z","score":1.0},{"id":"70795804t","system_create_dtsi":"2022-11-04T20:41:17Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2026-03-20T10:50:20Z","date_uploaded_dtsi":"2022-11-04T20:41:17Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2022-11-04T20:41:17Z","model_ssi":"GenericFile","has_model_ssim":["GenericFile"],"date_created_tesim":["2022-11-04"],"date_created_ssim":["2022-11-04"],"visibility_ssi":"public","new_model_ssi":"GenericObject","dta_altLabel_all_subject_ssim":["Method of work","Work, Method of","Industry (Psychology)","Medical and 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At the time of this oral history, Gries was working at Capella University in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In this oral history, Gries reflects upon exploring their sexuality in college, moving to Minneapolis in the mid-1990s, becoming involved with bisexual organizing, attending Michigan Womyn's Festival, and serving in early leadership positions on the UMN Transgender Commission and the Minnesota Trans Health Coalition. They discuss the shifts that occurred in the late 90s/early 2000s in lesbian communities as more people began to explore transitioning, and remark upon the shifts in their own gender identity, sexual orientation and the public perceptions of their relationship with their husband."],"mime_type_tesim":["image/jpeg"],"resource_type_tesim":["Moving image","Text"],"creator_tesim":["Gries, Max"],"creator_ssim":["Gries, Max"],"contributor_tesim":["Jenkins, Andrea"],"contributor_ssim":["Jenkins, Andrea"],"rights_tesim":["In copyright"],"publisher_tesim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis Libraries"],"publisher_ssim":["University of Minnesota Minneapolis 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(WPATH)"],"dta_homosaurus_subject_ssim":["Change of name","Clothing","Coming out","Discrimination","Educators","Femininities","Gender identity","Gender realignment surgery","Hormone therapy","Hormones","Marriage","Sexuality","Socialisation","Transgender people"],"dta_homosaurus_v1_subject_ssim":["Change of name","Discrimination","Educators","Gender realignment surgery","Hormone therapy","Socialisation"],"dta_lcsh_subject_ssim":["Boy Scouts","Conformity","Music"],"date_created_search_tesim":["Jan January 30, 2017"],"date_created_display_ssim":["Jan. 30, 2017"],"dta_dates_ssim":["2017"],"dta_sortable_date_dtsi":"2017-01-30T00:00:00Z","ident_tesi":"gm80hv522","identifier_ssim":["gm80hv522"],"collection_name_ssim":["Audio and Video Clips and Transcripts"],"institution_name_ssim":["Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection, University of Minnesota"],"primary_institution_ssi":"Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection, University of 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